OLYMPIA, Wash. — Bringing new hens into your flock can be an exciting venture, but it’s important to exercise caution, especially if the birds you’re considering are not laying eggs.
When it comes to expanding your flock by acquiring new hens, taking the necessary precautions is essential to ensure a smooth and healthy integration. One of the most important steps is to implement a thorough quarantine period, which allows you to monitor the new birds for any signs of illness that could jeopardize your existing flock. This isolation phase is crucial, as many health issues may not be immediately visible, and even seemingly healthy birds can carry diseases or parasites.
Beyond quarantine, it’s vital to understand the common reasons why hens might stop laying eggs, from environmental stressors to nutritional deficiencies. By being informed and following best practices for introducing new birds, you can help maintain the health and productivity of your entire flock while safeguarding against potential risks, including the threat of avian influenza.
What does quarantine look like or entail?
When acquiring hens, particularly from another flock, the first step should always be to quarantine them for at least 30 days. This isolation period allows you to monitor for signs of illness, ensuring that any potential diseases do not spread to your existing birds. New hens may appear healthy at first glance, but underlying health issues can go unnoticed, leading to significant problems once they’re introduced to your flock.
Ideally, the new birds should have their own separate coop and runs, located as far away from the existing flock as possible. Feeders, water systems, and equipment should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. It is best to care for your main flock first, then the new additions. Be sure to wear gloves and have dedicated clothing and boots for each flock to limit the spread of disease.
It’s always best to acquire new birds from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) participant or hatchery. These sources must meet strict biosecurity and testing guidelines to qualify, and can be an additional safeguard for your flock. A list of NPIP flocks for each state can be found here: NPIP Animal Health.
Common reasons for decreased egg production
Hens can stop laying eggs for various reasons, and it’s crucial to be aware of these before bringing new birds home:
- Seasons: Due to shorter day light hours, hens with outdoor access will begin to decrease egg production.
- Age: As chickens age, egg production begins to decrease. Peak egg production for most chickens is during the first 2 years of the chicken’s life.
- Molting: During the molting process, hens shed and regrow their feathers, which can temporarily halt egg production. If you’re considering hens that are in this phase, be prepared for a delay in egg laying.
- Stress factors: Chickens are sensitive to their environment. Stress from overcrowding, aggressive flock members, or changes in routine can lead to a decrease in egg production. It’s vital to assess the conditions of the seller’s flock before making a decision.
- Health issues: Chickens are susceptible to diseases that can impact their laying capabilities. Be vigilant for signs of common issues like intestinal worms, lice, or mites. If the seller’s hens are not healthy, bringing them into your flock could compromise the health of all your birds.
- Nutritional deficiencies: A balanced diet is essential for egg production. If the hens you’re looking to acquire have not received proper nutrition, it could explain their lack of eggs. Chickens should be fed according to their age and production cycle, and there are many specialized feeds available to help.
Best practices for introducing new hens
Once you’ve evaluated the potential reasons behind the hens’ reduced laying, and if you decide to proceed with the introduction, follow best practices for a smooth transition:
- Gradual introductions: Allow new hens to see and hear your existing flock without direct contact. This helps establish a pecking order while minimizing stress.
- Adequate space: Ensure there’s enough room in the coop and run to prevent overcrowding and aggression.
- Provide resources: Multiple feeders and waterers can reduce competition, making the transition easier.
- Provide enrichment: Providing healthy treats such as fruits and vegetables keep the hens happy and less likely to peck on another. They also appreciate a good dust bath.
- Monitor interactions: Keep a close eye on how the new hens interact with your existing flock, intervening if necessary to prevent bullying.
The importance of practicing biosecurity to prevent bird flu
Bird flu, or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), is a contagious viral infection that can have devastating effects on poultry populations and even pose health risks to humans. Practicing biosecurity is crucial to preventing the spread of this virus and protecting both domestic birds and wild populations. This year alone, bird flu has been detected in 4 backyard and 1 commercial flock in Washington state.
To implement effective biosecurity measures, ensure that all poultry housing is secure and isolated from wild birds, as they can carry the virus without showing symptoms.
Regularly clean and disinfect equipment, and limit access to your flock by minimizing visitors and avoiding shared tools. Additionally, maintaining a healthy environment—such as providing proper nutrition, monitoring bird health, and keeping records of flock movements—can help quickly identify and address any issues. By adhering to these practices, poultry owners can significantly reduce the risk of bird flu outbreaks and safeguard the health of their birds and the broader community.
What to do if you notice illness or death in your flock
If you believe you have illness within your flock or notice unusual death, please contact your private veterinarian. If you do not have a private veterinarian, you can reach out to the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (WADDL) for advice on testing for diseases. If you have lost multiple birds in a short period of time or sudden illness in the majority of the flock, please call and report it to the Washington State Department of Agriculture at 1-800-606-3056.
In summary, while adding new hens can enhance your flock, it’s vital to approach the process with care, especially if the birds in question are not currently laying eggs. Understanding the reasons behind decreased egg production and implementing proper quarantine and integration practices can help you maintain a healthy, productive flock. Always prioritize biosecurity and consult with a veterinarian if health concerns arise, ensuring the wellbeing of all your birds.
— Kim Vaughn
Washington State Department of Agriculture
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